Women of the Harlem Renaissance Writers and Artists

Below are women who played key roles in the Harlem Renaissance -- some are well-known, and some have been neglected or forgotten. Follow links to biographies and other content where available. Related: History of Women of the Harlem Renaissance: Dreaming in Color and Timeline: African American History and Women, 1920s Regina M. Anderson  (1901 - 1993): playwright and librarian, of mixed African, Native American, Jewish and European descent. She helped organize a 1924 dinner that brought together the Harlem Renaissance. Josephine Baker  (1906 - 1975): a singer, dancer and entertainer, she was most successful in France and other parts of Europe.Gwendolyn Bennett (1902 - 1981): an artist, poet and writer, she was an assistant to the editor of  Opportunity  and a co-founder of the journal  Fire!!. Marita Bonner  (1899 - 1971): a writer, playwright and essayist, she is best known for her play  The Purple Flower. Hallie Quinn Brown  (1845 - 1949): writer, educator, clubwoman and activist, she was an elder influence on the Harlem Renaissance writers.Anita Scott Coleman (1890 - 1960):although she lived in the southwestern United States, her short stories, poems and essays often appeared during the Harlem Renaissance in national magazines.Mae V. Cowdery (1909 - 1953): a poet, she publish ed in a Philadelphia journal and one of her poems took first place in a poetry contest in The Crisis.Clarissa Scott Delaney (1901 - 1927): a poet, educator and social worker, she published several poems and was part of Georgia Douglas Johnsons literary club. She worked with the National Urban League in New York before succumbing to a long battle with streptococcus. Jessie Redmon Fauset  (1882 - 1961): poet, essayist, novelist, educator and editor of the NAACP magazine  The Crisis.  She was called the midwife of the Harlem Renaissance.Angelina Weld Grimkà © (1880 - 1958): poet, playwright, journalist and educator. Her father was a nephew of abolitionists and feminists  Angelina Grimkà © Weld and Sarah Moore Grimkà ©. She was published in  The Crisis  and  Opportunity  and in anthologies of the Harlem Renaissance. Ariel Williams Holloway  (1905 - 1973): poet and teacher of music, she published poems during the Harlem Renaissance including in  Opportunity.Virgini a Houston: a poet and social worker (dates unknown) her often-erotic poems were published during the Harlem Renaissance. Zora Neale Hurston  (1891 - 1960): anthropologist, folklorist and writer, she applied her social science interests to her novels about black life. Georgia Douglas Johnson  (1880 - 1966): poet and playwright, she was of African, Native American and European descent. She often wrote of black life and against lynching. Her literary salon in Washington, DC, Saturday Nighters, was a center of Harlem Renaissance figures.Helene Johnson (1906 - 1995): a poet, she published in  Opportunity.   She stopped publishing her poetry in 1937, but continued writing a poem every day until her death.Lois Mailou Jones (1905 - 1998): artist.   She taught at Howard University from 1929 until 1977, studying in France on a fellowship in 1937 where she was connected to the  Nà ©gritude movement. Nella Larsen  (1891 - 1964): a nurse and librarian, raised by her Danish mother and stepfather, she also wrote two novels and some short stories, traveling to Europe on a Guggenheim Fellowship.Florence Mills (1896 - 1927): singer, comedian, dancer, known as queen of happiness, she was part of the wider circles that included many Harlem Renaissance figures. Alice Dunbar-Nelson  (1875 - 1935): poet, activist, journalist, educator. She was married to Paul Laurence Dunbar in her first marriage.Effie Lee Newsome (1885 - 1979): writer and poet, she wrote for children including in a column in  The Crisis,  editing columns of children in  Opportunity. Esther Popel (1896 - 1958): poet, activist, editor, educator.   She wrote for  The Crisis  and  Opportunity.  She was part of Georgia Douglas Johnsons literary circle in Washington, DC. Augusta Savage  (1892 - 1962): sculptor, she was part of the Harlem Renaissance. During the Depression she taught and fulfilled commissions, including  Lift Every Voice and Sing   (or The Harp) for the 1939 New York Worlds Fair.Bessie Smith (1894 - 1937): blues singer, prominent during the period of the Harlem Renaissance and later.Anne Spencer (1882 - 1975): poet. though she lived in Virginia, she was part of the circle of writers and thinkers known as the Harlem Renaissance. She was the first African American to have a poem included in the  Norton Anthology of American Poetry.   Her home in Lynchburg was later a meeting place for African American artists and intellectuals, from Marian Anderson to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. ALelia Walker  (1885 - 1931): patron of the arts and heir to the business of her mother, Madam C. J. Walker, she moved in circles with Harlems artists and intellectuals and often supported their work.Ethel Waters (1896 - 1977): actress and singer, she was the second African American nominated for an Academy Award.Dorothy West (1907 - 1998): writer. Cousin of Helene Johnson, she moved in the circles of the Harlem Renaissance after she moved to New York City. She publ ished the journal  Challenge  and then, later,  New Challenge.

Perception Of A Single Patient Interaction - 754 Words

Nurses encounter many different perceptions during a single patient interaction. Understanding each patient and their situation centers around understanding those perceptions. Perception is a way of regarding, understanding, or interpreting something; a mental impression. This paper will outline the main tenants of regarding, understanding, or interpreting. Defining the Topic In the field of nursing, a mental impression can be defined by our senses, selecting information and bringing that information to our brain. The brain maps out the information that has been received and begins to tell a story. Each story is unique and according to The Art of Possibilty (Zander Zander, 2000) the story told by each human being is â€Å"all invented† (Zander Zander, 2000, p.10). This story is their perception. Human beings’ perceptions are programed through their experiences and these experiences influence their awareness. When each human being’s brain is mapping out their story, they are forming assumptions (Zander Zander, 2000). People are not always aware of the assumptions they are making. Nurses encounter many different perceptions during a single patient interaction. There is the perception of the patient, the patient’s family, the doctor, co-workers and administration, just to name a few. These perceptions c an all vary based on each person’s previous experiences. Nurses needs to be able to work with each person’s perception to be the best leader and patient advocateShow MoreRelatedDr. King And Her Nursing Process Theory1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe paper will also discuss the model and how it relates to the nursing practice. Finally the strengths and limitations will be discussed. Goal Attainment Theory Imogene King developed her nursing theory on the basis that the nurse and the patient, â€Å"work together to achieve the goals in the continuous adjustments to stressors†. Dr. King received her master’s degree in science in nursing from St. Louis University in 1957. She was a professor at the University of South Florida. Dr. King’s nursingRead MoreNurses Encounter With A Single Patient Interaction1588 Words   |  7 Pages Nurses encounter many different perceptions during a single patient interaction. Understanding each patient and their situation centers around understanding those perceptions. Perception is a way of regarding, understanding, or interpreting something; a mental impression. This paper will outline the main tenants of regarding, understanding, or interpreting. Defining the Topic In the field of nursing, a mental impression can be defined by our senses, selecting information and bringing that informationRead MoreNurses Encounter With A Single Patient Interaction1591 Words   |  7 PagesNurses encounter a variety of perceptions during a single patient interaction. Understanding each patient and their situation centers around understanding those perceptions. Perception is a way of regarding, understanding, or interpreting something; a mental impression. This paper will outline the main tenants of regarding, understanding, or interpreting. Defining the Topic In the field of nursing, a mental impression can be defined by our senses, selecting information and bringing that informationRead MoreCommunication Is The Transmission Of The Message From A Sender1129 Words   |  5 Pagesbegins with the sender and ends with the receiver.1 The sender is an individual, group or organization that initiates communication. The sender initially depends on the success of the message because their experiences, attitudes, knowledge, skills, perceptions and culture influence the message. Written words, spoken words and selected non-verbal language are paramount in ensuring that the recipient interprets the message as intended by the sender.2 All communication begins with the sender. The firstRead MoreThe Theory Of Goal Attainment1481 Words   |  6 Pagesderived from King’s Conceptual System. The Theory of Goal Attainment focuses on the interactions between the personal, interpersonal, and social systems. Frey et al (2002) describes the central concepts of the theory as â€Å"perception, communication, interaction, transaction, self, role, growth and development, stressors/stress, time, and space.† Four specific concepts within the theory; perception, communication, interaction, and transaction, form what King calls the â€Å"transaction process†. The transactionRead MoreEffectiveness Of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy On Treating Nssi, Eating Disorders And Substance Abuse Disorder1264 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders and Substance Abuse Disorder Overview of intervention/Introduction Emma is a 15-year-old teenager diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Partaking in episodes of binge eating, fasting and self- induced vomiting; Emma has a distorted perception regarding her weight and body image. Similarly, Ethan is a 16-year-old teenager diagnosed with Non- suicidal- self-injury (NSSI), who through repetitive cuts and burns to the body uses self- injury as an emotional regulatory strategy. Both EmmaRead MoreDecision Making Across Health Care Providers, Patients, Managers, And Policy Makers807 Words   |  4 Pageshealth care providers, patients, managers, and policy makers. This knowledge to action gap needs behaviour change, practice or policy change [94]. Behaviour change is a complex process, it needs an assessment of the health care system to identify the adaptability and feasibility of change, and facilitators and barriers to change [95]. Therefore, this gap has to be addressed using effective knowledge translation interventions, which may result in improve health o utcomes among patients [94]. Knowledge TranslationRead MoreGrand Theories And Middle Range Theories1219 Words   |  5 Pagestheir levels of perception, and the literature mentions that there are two kinds of concepts: grand theories and middle-range theories. Whether concepts are grand or mid-range (MR), we establish corrective intellectual and influence practice and investigation. By description, grand concepts are theoretical, complex, and detached from practice. We are not destined to be simply grasped or experienced. Associated with grand theories, MR theories enclose less perception and interactions, are adjustableRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1196 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: FAMILY HEALTH ASSESSMEN Family Health Assessment Open-Minded, Family Focused Questions: I interviewed my dad on all11 Functional Health Patters. Values, health perception: 1. Do you have any past medical history like surgery or chronic illness? 2. Do you use tobacco, alcohol or drugs? 3. Are you taking any prescription/nonprescription medications? 4. What religion are you? 5. Is there any religious restrictions or practices? Nutrition: 1. Are you in any kind of dietRead MoreConsumer Determinants Are The Factors That Impact The Patient s Choice Of Health Care Providers1185 Words   |  5 Pagesservices that will be provided in order to attract patients to the healthcare provider. If the intention was to attract a single patient, the organization could develop a set of services and structures to perfectly align with the patient’s needs. Considering the goal is to build an organization that will attract as many available patients in the region as possible, they must devise strategies that intersect with the preferences of the patient population that they are seeking to attract. In comparing

No Face, No Gain Freudian Analysis of No Face by Junot Diaz free essay sample

In his short story â€Å"No Face†, Diaz explores how a man’s mental growth is stunted by his community’s perpetual scrutiny of him for reasons beyond his control. One’s superego represents societal ideals as seen by an individual and while No Face aspires to one day achieves his, he has been told since infantry that he will not before his face is restored. This story’s theme is that without the opportunity to satisfy the superego through societal fulfillment; a person may become supremely id driven and is likely to depend on defence mechanisms to cope, specifically regression in the case of Ysrael. Ysraels’s hyperactive id is seen in his consistently impulsive behavior and continuous fulfilment of the pleasure principle (Krapp 157). After scavenging for money, Ysrael’s first thought is whether to buy a bottle of soda or a johnnycake when he should be saving to afford his surgery (Diaz 154). Impulsive again, when he is driving as a motorcycle passenger with Padre Lou, Ysrael leans on their turns to create a more thrilling ride despite the padre’s warnings that this may tip the borrowed vehicle (Diaz 158). Ysrael thinks back to a moment when he had scratched the sores off of his litte brother’s scalp, a harmful impulse that is rooted in the displacement of Ysrael’s anger towards those who bully him onto the boy (Diaz 159). He has learned to surpress this id driven impulse but continues to fantasize when affectionately touching his brother. The id is immature and impulsive, just as the behaviour displayed by Ysrael. When a person reaches maturity they learn to control id impulses as their superego grows to provide a moral code and sense of reality (Krapp 157). Though Ysrael is learning through experience, as demonstrated in his resisting picking Pesao’s scalp, his id continues to control his conscious unless he is forced to see firsthand consequences like Pesao screams and blood. Without an unconscious reference prompting Ysrael to stop his actions, his id prevaiils because his supergo is underdeveloped due to his denying of reality through regression and other defences. Regression, a Freudian defence mechanism, is seen in the super-hero like commands Ysrael gives himself in times of turmoil. This is Ysrael’s ego taking initiative, giving him the tools necessary to endure reality. When the town boys ambush Ysrael, he shouts â€Å"STRENGTH†, forcing his attackers off of him so he can scurry down the street to the safety of the church (Diaz 156). Ysrael practices the power of â€Å"INVISIBILITY† as well as a means of avoiding such ambushes (Diaz 155). Ysrael states, â€Å"So many wish him to fall. So many wish him gone† in his head. This is an accurate depiction of the community’s oppinion of him, but the way he hears it as a catchphrase from a comic book shows the blending of reality and fantasy (Diaz 155). After a day of fending off bullies, Ysrael tells Pesao he is â€Å"fighting evil† rather than getting beat up and abused, and denies that his brother would enjoy fighting evil with him (Diaz 160). Though imaginary, the superpowers Ysrael has bestowed upon himself are reflective of the power of the psyche to relieve the realistic anxiety he experiences (Krapp 158). The attitude of Ysrael towards his brother shows that Ysrael feels he is unique in being a superhero; his id is constructing a reason for him to feel extraordinary in comparison to others. Ysrael’s ego has become accustomed to defending itself by regressing to this childlike behaviour; providing feelings of heroism as opposed to those of victimization. By positing the society that he has been excluded from as the villan, Ysrael posits himself as superior, protecting his ego. Ysrael struggles to construct the core values within his superego because the societal ideals of his peers and family are not applicable to him due to his physical differences. Ysrael finds similarities between him and comic book characters such as Kaliman because his turban covers parts of his face, much like Ysrael’s mask (Diaz 155). Ysrael susbstitutes expressing the ideals of his society with embodying those of fictional characters, expanding his id further as his superego cannot. This exemplifies again how closely the progression of the id or superego causes the opposite in the other. The yearning of Ysrael for a more prominent superego is seen in his concious mind’s reaction to his unconscious thoughts. Ysrael has reoccuring nightmares that force him to relive the day when his problems began, the day he was attacked by a pig (Diaz 157). He was too young to have remembered the incident himself but the story has been told too repetitively, engrained so deepy in his mind, that it has become a traumatic facet of his unconscious mind nonetheless. Once the dream reaches one of many bitter closes Ysrael’s unconcious has concieved, he awakens and comes to consciousness where he lays restless until he tells himself to â€Å"be a man† (Diaz 158). To Ysrael,  becoming a man is representative of success in the eyes of his community. He wants acceptance, but the opportunity to achieve it was taken from him on this day he recalls so regularly. There are desires of the unfilled superego that are presented in Ysrael’s unconcious mind. Upon awakening Ysrael is forced to confront them in a conscious state where he a reveals his concealed and insatiable desire – to â€Å"be a man†. This is the only time in â€Å"No Face† when Ysrael recognizes his desired change rather than suppressing it through regression and abiding by his id. In â€Å"No Face†, Diaz expresses the human desire for societal recognition and acceptance through exposing how it’s inaccessibility affects the psyche. We learn how closely connected the notion of growing up is to the flourishing of the superego as it prevents the formation of a boisterous id. Psychosexual development is a vital factor in Freudian psychology but is not the focus of this essay; it would be beneficial to pinpoint which stage of human development the attack on Ysrael interupted to further discuss how it damaged him in the future.

Psychoanalytical Perspective of the Awakening free essay sample

Psychoanalytical Perspective of The Awakening: The True Desires of Edna Pontellier Stacey Berry South University Online The True Desires of Edna Pontellier In the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, the emotional and sexual awakening is exemplified by a significant revelation in regards to the main character. The protagonist, Edna Pontellier, is a young woman caught in a loveless, but pampered marriage with husband, Leonce. Stirrings of independence began one summer after obtaining a friend in Robert LeBrun while resorting in Grand Isle, an island off the coast of Louisiana. Basking in Robert’s attention, new feelings awaken and unleash themselves beginning a profound change in Edna and liberating her beyond belief. Understanding that she has discarded her youthful hopes and dreams and that her current life is unfulfilling, Edna takes small steps toward freeing herself. This desire of freedom is ensued by infidelity that fills her void to some extent, ultimately at the expense of her marriage and motherhood. A psychoanalytical perspective will enable readers â€Å"to reveal the influence of the subconscious in the texts plot, setting, conflict, symbols, point of view, language, and character development† (South University Online, 2011). Assessing this novel through a psychoanalytical perspective will disclose Chopin’s use of symbols and events to uncover Edna’s true desires. This essay uses a psychoanalytical perspective; however, the use of a feminist or historical perspective can be applied to expose other valid points. First, a feminist perspective could reveal how Edna rebelled against the social grain by acting in a way that was not yet acceptable by women. There are two common principles of most feminine perspectives and according to South University Online, â€Å"one is that gender is socially constructed and another is that power is distributed unequally on the basis of sex, race and ethnicity, religion, national origin, age, ability, sexuality, and economic class status† (2011). Chopin acknowledged the difference in the expectations of a woman’s behavior as Edna expressed, â€Å"I suppose this is what you would call unwomanly; but I have got into a habit f expressing myself. It doesnt matter to me, and you may think me unwomanly if you like† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 36, para. 12). Secondly, a historical perspective could reveal that there was still racial tension during the late 1800’s. Throughout the novel, Edna refers to the children’s caregiver as a â€Å"quad roon† which means that she was three quarters white and one quarter black and those where the roles that people like her partook in. A historical perspective also shows of Edna’s prosperity in comparison to those who were not white that had many disadvantages. They suffered as laborers to whites during that time due to social, racial, and cultural issues. This view can be depicted through the language used for describing blacks such as when the narrator stated, â€Å"†¦to look at the darkies laying the cane† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 32, para. 10). Throughout the course of the novel, the symbols of things relating to birds seemingly portrayed what Edna desired. From the very beginning, the caged parrot represented Edna’s inability to communicate and her feeling of being trapped in the society that surrounded her. The mockingbird, however, was akin to Madame Reisz in the sense that she came to terms with her place in society, so she whistled as she pleased. â€Å"[The parrot] could speak a little Spanish, and also a language which nobody understood, unless it was the mocking-bird that hung on the other side of the door, whistling his fluty notes out upon the breeze with maddening persistence† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 1, para. 3). The entrapment is recognized for her desire to be free, in general, but the misunderstanding of the other language revealed her desire of wanting to express herself freely. In the narrator’s mention of Edna not being a â€Å"mother-woman,† the use of wings in terms to describe the other women of Grand Isle was for protection, not flying. Edna had no use of these wings, if not to fly. Recalling when Edna heard Madame Ratignolle play â€Å"Solitude,† she would imagine â€Å"the figure of a man standing beside a desolate rock on the seashore†¦ His attitude was one of hopeless resignation as he looked toward a distant bird winging its flight away from him† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 9, para. 19). Perhaps Edna was imagining herself as this bird fleeing her husband, Leonce, for the freedom she so sought after. The pigeon house presumably pleased Edna. She felt â€Å"every step which she took toward relieving herself from obligations added to her strength and expansion as an individual† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 32, para. 7). Madame Reisz understood Edna’s desire to be independent, but in order for her to be free, as well as act on her love for Robert, she knew that Edna would have to be strong. The narrator explains how Madame Reisz â€Å"felt [Edna’s] shoulder blades, to see if [her] wings were strong†¦ and stated that the bird that would soar above the level plain of tradition and prejudice must have strong wings’† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 7, para. 11). Nevertheless, the pigeon house resulted in being another cage for Edna because Robert could not bring himself to reside in the lifestyle she longed for. The strength required proved too much for Edna, thereby her suicide caused her to be the â€Å"bird with a broken wing [that] was beating the air above, reelin g, fluttering, circling disabled down, down to the water† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 39, para. 23). Unable to conform to society, Edna received her freedom at the cost of her life. Similarly, the symbolism of the sea represented Edna’s freedom and independence, in addition to her rebirth. The sea was also a voice of reasoning for Edna. It soothed her, conveying all that she wanted to hear. â€Å"The voice of the sea is seductive; never ceasing†¦ inviting the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude†¦ The voice of the sea speaks to the soul† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 6, para. 6 and 7). It was Robert LeBrun who first introduced Edna to the water when teaching her how to swim; perhaps it was inevitable that she would desire him given that he initiated her journey to freedom and self-discovery. In fact, Robert encouraged her relationship with water early on when he insisted, â€Å"You mustnt miss your bath. Come on. The water must be delicious; it will not hurt you. Come† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 5, para. 26). Therefore, the relationship was non-existent without him. Edna’s awakening ignited after swimming for the first time when â€Å"a feeling of exultation overtook her, as if some power of significant import had been given her to control the working of her body and her soul†¦ She wanted to swim far out, where no woman had swum before† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 10, para. 7). Edna’s yearning to swim further was the foreshadowing of what was to come; it showed how far she was willing to go to get her freedom. She was also reminded by the water of her first interaction with independence as a child. She reminisces of walking through the tall grassy meadow with swimming arms in Kentucky (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 7, para. 15). Edna describes that independence when stating, â€Å"I was a little unthinking child in those days, just following a misleading impulse without question† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 7, para. 20). Edna’s desire to regain freedom and independence, which she realized she had as a child, is brought on by her encounter with the sea. Later she recognizes that the only way to fulfill those desires was to use the water to be reborn. She compared herself to a baby when learning how to swim and now she must return to that state to be reborn. The ocean represented her rebirth. â€Å"She felt like some new-born creature, opening its eyes in a familiar world that it had never known† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 39, para. 26). She undressed herself, as though preparing for birth from the womb, appearing as an infant. â€Å"When she was there beside the sea†¦ for the first time in her life she stood naked†¦ and the waves invited her† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 9, para. 25). Edna meeting Robert slowly, but surely, triggered her deepest desire. She wanted to love and be loved passionately by him. â€Å"There was no human being whom she wanted near her except Robert† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 39, para. 22). He loved her just the same as he explains, â€Å"There in Mexico I was thinking of you all the time, and longing for you† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 36, para. 31). Robert had wanted Edna as his wife and if he had been what Leonce was for her, she could have been her happiest self. Leonce treated her like a possession which tainted her belief that marriage would ever work again. While on the other hand, Robert loved Edna for all the woman she was, not trying to change her. He did not stay because after thinking it over, while Edna was away with Madame Ratignolle, he realized that having Edna, not as his wife, would be looked down upon by society. Had she stayed, she could have had everything she hoped for. All things considered, her true desires would have been met with a life shared with Robert. Edna pours out her heart to Robert when she declares, â€Å"I love you†¦ only you; no one but you. It was you who awoke me last summer out of a life-long, stupid dream†¦ We shall be everything to each other. Nothing else in the world is of any consequence† (Chopin, 2005, Ch. 36, para. 49). Edna desired her freedom and independence, but what she failed to realize was her truest desire which included both. The symbols concerning birds showed Edna why she desired freedom and independence and the water allowed her to feel as though she had them, but being with Robert gave her those things also. Edna saw that being with Robert was the last piece to her puzzle and that is why she longed to be with him. If she stayed with him when he asked, however selfish, she, quite possibly, could have had everything she desired, the life she desired. References Chopin, K. (2005). The awakening [VitalSource digital version]. Raleigh, NC: Hayes Barton Press. South University Online. (2011). ENG1002: Composition/literature: Week 3: Psychoanalytic ways of reading. Retrieved from myeclassonline. com

Biography On Ross Perot Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Biography On Ross Perot Essay, Research Paper Ross PerotBIOGRAPHYRoss Perot was born June 27, 1930, in Texarkana, Texas. He grew up in Texarkana where he attended public schools and Texarkana Junior College. Perot # 8217 ; s parents, Ross and Lulu May Perot, have been major influences in both his and his sister Bette # 8217 ; s lives. Although the household lived in modest fortunes, Perot has repeatedly stated that he was born rich because of his parents. Get downing at age seven, Perot worked at assorted occupations throughout his boyhood, including interrupting Equus caballuss, selling Christmas cards, magazines, and garden seeds, purchasing and selling bridles, saddles, Equus caballuss and calves, presenting newspapers, and roll uping for classified ads. He entered the United States Naval Academy in 1949 and graduated in 1953. While at the Naval Academy, he served as category president, president of the honor commission, and battalion commanding officer. After graduation, Perot served at sea for four old ages on a destroyer and an aircraft bearer. We will write a custom essay sample on Biography On Ross Perot Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1956, he married Margot Birmingham from Greensburg, Pennsylvania, whom he met while a midshipman at the Naval Academy. Upon his honest discharge from the Navy in 1957, Ross and Margot settled in Dallas where he went to work for IBM # 8217 ; s informations treating division as a salesman. Margot taught school during the early old ages of their matrimony. In 1962, she loaned Perot $ 1,000 from her nest eggs account to get down a one-person information processing company. He named the company Electronic Data Systems. Today, EDS is a multi-billion dollar corporation using more than 70,000 people. Ross and Margot have been married for 40 old ages. They live in Dallas and have five kids # 8211 ; Ross, Jr. , Nancy, Suzanne, Carolyn, and Katherine. The Perots presently have nine grandchildren. In 1969, the U.S. authorities asked Perot to find what action might be taken to better the brutal intervention our POW # 8217 ; s were having in Southeast Asia. He worked on this undertaking for the following four old ages, puting himself and his household at considerable personal hazard, until the captives were released in 1972 at the terminal of the Vietnam War. In acknowledgment of his eff orts, Perot received the Medal for Distinguished Public Service, the highest civilian award presented by the Department of Defense. When two EDS employees were taken surety by the Persian authorities in 1979, Perot directed a successful deliverance mission composed of EDS employees and led by Colonel Arthur # 8216 ; Bull # 8217 ; Simons. Perot personally went into Iran and inside the prison where his associates were held. Noted writer, Ken Follett, compose a best merchandising novel, On Wingss of Eagles, about the deliverance. An NBC Television miniseries was subsequently made about this event. Subsequently that same twelvemonth, the governor of Texas requested Perot # 8217 ; s aid in covering with the turning job of the usage of illegal drugs in the province. Perot led the Texans # 8217 ; War on Drugs Committee that proposed five Torahs to do Texas the least desirable province for illegal drug operations. All five measures were passed by the legislative assembly and signed into jurisprudence. In 1982, another Texas governor asked for Perot # 8217 ; s aid to better a deteriorating state of affairs # 8212 ; the quality of public instruction in the province. Acknowledging that a excellent educational system is the foundation for economic betterment, Perot led the attempt to reform the school system. This plan resulted in major legislative alterations and betterments in Texas public schools. Perot accepted another challenge in 1984 when he sold EDS to General Motors for $ 2.5 billion. The ownership that he retained in the company made him GM # 8217 ; s largest single shareholder and a member of the board of managers. After major dissensions over the quality of GM cars, Perot resigned from the GM board in 1986. In 1988, he started a new computing machine service company, Perot Systems. Today that company operates in the United States and Europe. In 1984, Perot purchased the lone transcript of the Magna Carta that has been allowed to be taken out of Great Britain. It has been placed on loan to the National Archives in Washington, D.C. , where it is displayed alongside the U.S. Constitutio n and the Bill of Rights. The Perot household is actively involved in charitable and civic activities. They have given over $ 100 million to assorted causes.

Flame by jackson pollack essays

Flame by jackson pollack essays My experience with art is somewhat novice at best, but one particular piece caught my eye. It is a painting by Jackson Pollack entitled "Flame." This piece, which is, to say the least, is abstract. Although it is abstract, it still conveys an environment and setting. At first glance, it seems to be just a pattern of colors, but after comparing the placment of the colors and shapes, it seems to me to be a certain place in time or space. Ascending from what appears to be the ground, are bright red "flames," or shapes similar to it. The shades of red, yellow, and black look dark, and aggressively gothic, giving the total look of the piece fairly angry or suffering. It seems as though the black, red, and yellow colors are reaching out and around the light colored objects, almost smothering them. The few light colored shapes show to possibly be people, distorted and reaching for something. The overall appearance looks like a place between hell and purgatory. Most of the colors are red, yellow and black, and they are all very rich. The reds are mostly the same shade, which i can only describe as fire engine red (being a firefighting major). The black background doesn't stray from the original darkness, although intertwining between the reds and yellows. The few yellows in this oil painting are mere remnants of the red flames throughout the scene. As for the "human" objects, they feel vivid, but are pale in color, maybe because the rest of the painting is so dark. The only shapes in the piece that seem to be lighted at all are the people and the ground in front of them. All the rest of the shapes look simply pushed back. The irregularity of the shapes in this piece all have the same flow, either rising up like flames, or being suppressed such as the people. There are no definitive shapes, sharp cornes, or straight lines in this work. They seem to easily flow together, allowing the shading be the seperation as opposed...

Business decision making question paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business decision making question - Term Paper Example The Principal-agent relationship refers to a contractual or non contractual relationship between two persons or parties (principle and an agent) whereby the principle authorise the agent to act on his or her behalf to establish a legal relationship with the third party. An agent may make non-optimal solution (irrational decision) to a problem facing him or her especially when undertaking tasks that are useful to the principle but costly to him or her. If the cost of running the project is higher on the side of the agent, the principle may undertake to compensate the agent by paying him or her more benefits or supervise the agent more keenly to protect project’s interests from those of the agent. Thus promote a more rational decision making approach. Satisficer is a person who seeks a satisfactory solution as compared to the optimal (rational) solution. This kind of a solution is arrived at when it becomes too costly or when resources are not adequate to arrive at an optimal solution. Therefore, the decision maker tries to select solutions that meet a specific need or solutions that seems to address most of his or her needs. For example, there is a task for sewing a patch onto a military uniform. The best needle to do the sewing is a four and half (4.5) inch long needle with a three (3) millimetre eye. However, the correct needle is hidden in a hay stack along with 2000 needles of different sizes. It will be extremely hard, waste of energy and time to find the exact needle. Therefore, a satisfying solution is to pick the first needle that can sew the patch. Tricky Dicky Enterprises is considering the possibility of expanding its factory premises. Local elections will soon take place and the firm assume that pay-offs will vary as follows depending on the outcome of the election: Assume that the probability of Party A winning the

Fleet planing (AVIATION) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Fleet planing (AVIATION) - Essay Example They committed to honoring tickets as usual and not altering their frequent flying program during the whole process. That same month that the company had applied for bankruptcy protection, it was approached by US Airways about a possible merger. US Airways had put forward plans to take over American Airlines while it was in the process of restructuring its operations through bankruptcy. It is possible that the plans for the merger are as a result of the wave of mergers that has hit the industry since the year 2008. In 2008, Delta Airlines signed a merger deal with Northwest Airlines while in 2010, United Airlines and Continental airlines joined forces. It would therefore follow that the companies that have merged are in a better position to have a larger market share as compared to the other companies. Therefore in support of the merger proposal, US Airways has been of the opinion that a merger would make the two companies a stronger force in the market as opposed to operating as sin gle airline units (Jones, 2011). This essay will be assessing the fleets of the two airlines and recommend changes of fleets, where necessary, assuming that the merger between the two companies will be successful. A comparison of the fleet of the two companies is imperative and this will be the first area that this essay will explore. The first fleet that will be analysed is the American Airlines fleet. American Airlines was formed in 1930 after 82 small airlines conglomerated through acquisitions. Having being in business for over 70 years, it is evident that the company is well established in terms of fleet size and information. The active fleet count as of December 2011 stood at 898

Offender Recidivism and Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Offender Recidivism and Employment - Essay Example aper aims to discuss about offenders on supervision and how their employment status determines their success on supervision and their recidivism on re-offending. Determining the proper response to the re-offending behavior of criminals has plagued governments, criminologists, the judiciary, and the community for some time. A precise figure for the rate of recidivism cannot be ascertained, as much crime goes unreported and the courts do not convict all offenders for various reasons, including lack of evidence. Rates of recidivism also depend on what measures are used in terms of the time frame considered and whether one is concerned about particular offences, re-arrest rates, or re-imprisonment. There are many factors that contribute to the re-offending behavior of an individual. Many prisoners have poor education and employment histories, experience greater rates of mental illness and bad physical health, and have issues associated with drug and alcohol misuse. The effect of prison or jail sentences on recidivism is an important issue to those concerned with public safety and the cost-effectiveness of putting convicted offenders in prison. Opinions are divided between those advocating longer sentences in the interest of public safety, and those advocating shorter sentences with the assumption that incarceration, or longer prison terms, will not reduce recidivism rates. This paper summarizes the theories and the empirical studies on this issue. Study findings indicate that the effect of incarceration (versus other sentencing options) and sentence length on recidivism is complex and is likely to be offender-specific. For some offenders, incarceration and longer confinement seem to increase the risk of recidivism. For other offenders, the likelihood of re-offense will either be unaffected or reduced by longer terms of incarceration. Furthermore, early-release programs do not appear to affect overall recidivism rates. It is well recognized tha t offenders have a high

Changing Commodity Prices Impact On Common Agricultural Policy Economics Essay

Changing Commodity Prices Impact On Common Agricultural Policy Economics Essay In the wake of an increasingly globalized economy, one that has seen the emergence of large trade blocs and common markets, the nations of the world have been competitively forced into becoming more economically integrated year after year. In light of hundreds of years of consumer theory, this would almost certainly lead one to a conclusion of necessarily lower prices and more efficient production on almost all products. However, as is the case in many nations, the European Union (EU) has succeeded in creating an artificial market for agricultural products through the use of a Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P). The Common Agricultural Policy is a policy, set forth by the European Union (EU), which is comprised of a set of rules that regulate the production, trade, and processing of agricultural products. The C.A.P currently accounts for almost fifty percent of the EU budget, however, this number continues to decrease over the years. The C.A.P is significant in that it symbolizes Europes switch from sovereignty on a national level to a European level. (McDonald and Dearden, (2005), European Economic Integration, Prentice Hall, 4th edition.) Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P). The EUs agricultural policy dates back to 1957, when the creators of the Treaty of Rome defined the general objectives of a common agricultural policy, post-war food shortages still fresh in minds. The principles and mechanisms of the Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P) were adopted by the six founding members of the European Economic Community, and in 1962 C.A.P came into force. C.A.P was designed to secure Europes self-sufficiency in food production. The basic principles of C.A.P remained the same for decades: guaranteed prices for agricultural products, often above world price levels, and subsidies based on the quantity of production, with little concern for the problem of surplus production. C.A.P has been the most fully integrated of EU policies. In the 1970s, nearly 70% of the EU budget went into agriculture. After a series of reforms, agriculture expenditures in the budget have dropped to 35 % for the 2007-2013 financial period. Over the same period, more money (9.7%) has been allocated for rural development and the expansion of EUs other responsibilities. (Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P).European Journalism Centre (EJC) 2009). Common Agricultural Policys reforms. The C.A.P has had a long history of reform, and is nowhere near perfect. The first attempt at reform came just ten years after its implementation. In 1968, the Mansholt Plan was put into effect in an attempt to reduce the number of people in the agriculture business and to promote more efficient means of agricultural production. In 1972, the extensive food surpluses were targeted through the creation of structural measures designed to modernize European agriculture. This attempt at reform is generally regarded as a failure because many of the problems it tried to fix were still left unchecked. In 1983, a publication was released entitled, The Green Paper, which sought to balance the ongoing disparities between supply and demand through improvements in production. In 1988, the European Council agreed on various reform measures. The most important was the agricultural expenditure guideline, which limited the percentage of C.A.P expenditure in the overall budget. In 1991-92, the future of the C.A.P was addressed through what has been called, the MacSharry Reforms. The key aspects of the reforms included the cutback of agricultural prices to make the products more competitive, compensation for farmers that incurred a loss in income, and environmental protection. The reform of 1992 was generally regarded as successful, with positive effects on European agriculture. However, international trends, the enlargement towards Central and Eastern Europe, the preparation of the single currency causing budget constraints, the increasing competitiveness of products from non-member countries, and a new round of World Trade Organization negotiations forced further adaptation of the C.A.P (europa.eu.int). In July 1997, Agenda 2000 was created to address many of the important issues facing the EU and the C.A.P. The key focuses of this new agenda are the reinforcement of the competitiveness of agricultural commodities in domestic and world markets, the promotion of a fair standard of living, the creation of extra sources of income for farmers, a new rural development policy, revamped environmental considerations, better food quality and safety, and the simplification of C.A.P legislation. The first wave of C.A.P reforms had decreased over-production, brought down butter mountains and emptied the milk lakes. But by 2002, several factors made it a necessity to undertake major review of the EUs farm policy, including several food crises, the EUs planned eastward expansion, World Trade Organizations objections to the C.A.P and the sustainable development strategy defined during the Gothenburg Summit. In 2003, Franz Fischler, then the Commissioner for Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, presented a C.A.P reform package he described as the most radical improvement to the EUs agricultural policy ever. His main proposals included: decoupling of subsidies and production high requirements of environmental, food safety and animal welfare standards as prerequisite for getting subsidies more money to rural development as opposed to direct and market subsidies cuts in intervention prices in many sectors After heated debate, farm ministers agreed to go through with the C.A.P reform. Although, the link between farm subsidies and the amount of production was not totally abolished, as originally proposed, a major shift did take place, with the bulk of farmers income now coming from direct aid, based on the size of their holdings and not production. (Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P).European Journalism Centre (EJC) 2009). The reform also prepared the EU for the WTO Doha round of international trade liberalization talks, where the EU offered to eliminate export subsidies altogether by 2013. The talks were put on hold in 2006. Whatever the result of the trade talks, the EU remains the worlds largest importer of food, especially from developing countries. A number of sensitive sectors were left out of the 2003 C.A.P reform, including sugar, wine, bananas and other fruits and vegetables. Since then, a profound reform of the sugar sector was agreed on in 2005. In 2006 and early 2007 the Commission also proposed reforms for the wine, banana and fruit and vegetables sectors. (Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P).European Journalism Centre (EJC) 2009). Under the Barroso Commission, Mariann Fischer Boel took over stewardship of the renamed Agriculture and Rural Development DG. She continues to strive for higher food quality and safety, efficient application of the Rural Development Policy 2007-2013, energy crop schemes and simplification of the C.A.P and cutting of red tape. The enlargement of the EU from 15 to 27 members has brought new challenges to C.A.P the number of farmers in the EU increased by over 70%. Meanwhile, farming organisations have welcomed the EUs decision to set a minimum 10% target for the use of biofuels for transport by 2020. The EU has also created the possibility for agriculture to play a bigger role in the fight against climate change, according to the COPA organisation. A key aim of the 2008 French EU Presidency was to bring the C.A.P up to speed with new global challenges. To this end, with the backing of the Commission and a vast majority of member states, four texts were adopted in November 2008, focusing on rural development, direct aid to farmers, and regulation mechanisms for the single market (dairy quotas, interventions, etc.). (A health check'(CAP)by Europa (European Commission) (2009)). These agreements officially launched the EU debate on the future of the C.A.P post-2013, also taking stock of global food balances, competitiveness, sustainable development, and the economic dynamism of rural areas. The Czech Presidency of the EU, in the first semester 2009, failed to secure an agreement on the future of the C.A.P post-2013. However, the Agriculture Council did agree unanimous conclusions on agricultural product quality and the retargeting of aid in Less Favoured Areas (LFA). (Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P).European Journalism Centre (EJC) 2009). The quality policy paves the way to clearer labelling and, it is hoped, better communication and understanding among farmers, wholesalers and consumers. The Council also said it would consider national and private food certificates that follow Commission good practice guidelines and pledged to cut red tape for farmers and producers who want to apply for EU schemes like the organic label and geographical indications. The LFA programme is designed to improve the targeting of aid to farmers in areas with natural handiC.A.Ps. Member states have been asked to produce maps by 31 January 2010, including specific details on climate, soil, and terrain. (Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P).European Journalism Centre (EJC) 2009). Global food prices and C.A.P reform. The European Unions common agricultural policy protects and subsidizes agriculture so heavily as to bring serious social losses to the Economic Union. The policy creates inefficiencies in the agriculture sector as well as other sectors of society such as manufacturing, textiles, and service industries. Furthermore, there have been many economic consequences of the C.A.P, including the high level of protection, the burdens on consumers, taxpayers, and the EU budget, environmental damage, the harm to international trading relations, and the failure to raise farmers incomes (The Common Agricultural Policy:Past, Present and Future. Brain E.Hill. `Metheuen Co. Ltd, London. (page 117). There are a lot factors responsible of the food price rise: speculation in commodity markets, low global food stocks, subsidies, high cost of energy, concentration of important agricultural markets in the hands of a few firms, trade restrictions by important exporters to protect domestic consumers, deprecia tion of the US dollar and lower productivity growth due to low investment in agricultural researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ As global prices  hit new highs,  the European Commission had to intervene. First they sold its intervention stocks, removed the obligation to set aside 10% of arable land for the 2008 harvest, increased milk quotas by 2% and suspended import duties on cereals. (Global food prices and CAP reform by Euractiv. (2009). Then, the  Commission  proposed  policy  measures aimed at improving market transparency. It decided to enhance monitoring of  developments in agricultural markets and  analyze the impact of price speculation.  The EU executive also announced plans to  investigate the functioning of the food supply chain for potential unfair commercial practices, which may be holding back competition  and  driving up prices.   Overall, the Commissions  policy to address rising global food prices comprises three  strands of action: Mitigating short and medium-term effects of the food price shock  by monitoring price developments and speculative investments, changing the CAP Increasing agricultural supply and ensuring food security in the longer term  by strengthening the sustainability  of EU and global policies on biofuels, boosting agricultural research  to increase productivity and maintaining an open but vigilant GMO policy,  and;   Contributing to the global effort to help the poor  by promoting an open trade policy and concluding the Doha round of World Trade Organisation (WTO) talks,  offering humanitarian  aid and supporting  agricultural and rural development policy changes in developing countries. (Global food prices and CAP reform by Euractiv. (2009). C.A.P effects upon the environment. The C.A.P has also caused concern for the environment as well as concerns for the economy. Because of the subsidies provided to farmers, they have the incentive to produce more agricultural products because they will receive more money. The C.A.P price policies have encouraged intensive farming and the overuse of antibiotics, pesticides, and nitrates. This has put a strain on the environment and has concerned the people of the European Union. The policy did not foresee farmers overproducing and over using chemicals, but this has become an indirect cost created by the policy. Europeans are also concerned with food safety because of farmers using so many chemicals in production. Farmers have been getting away with using the chemicals and unsafe practices because of the limited food safety regulations. Policymakers believed that high price supports would lead to higher food safety and quality. High support prices do not increase either food safety or quality: indeed, minimum prices and intervention guarantees encourage low quality and standardized produce (The European Community: Economic and Political Aspects. (V.Lintner and S.Mazey. `Mcgraw-Hill, Maidenhead. (page 107) (1991). CCL: C.A.P has been seen as a monument to the determination of politicians, especially in the early years of integration, to work together for a united Community. It has become a symbol of co-operation. C.A.P has economic and social dimensions. There are many reasons put forward to explain  rising  food prices. These range from changing eating habits to trade restrictions and climate change. The  European Commission  insists that there is no connection between EU agricultural subsidies and rising food prices, and  stresses that the C.A.P is  much less trade-distorting than the American policy.  (Global food prices and CAP reform by Euractiv. (2009). ANNEXES: Figure 2: EU agricultural payments, 1963-2013. Source  : Agriculture 2009 revised.ppt Figure 3: EU expenditure: 1988-2006. Source  : Agriculture 2009 revised.ppt Figure 4: Source  : Agriculture 2009 revised.ppt Figure 5 and 6: Source  : Europa. REFERENCES: WEB SITES: Global food prices and CAP reform by Euractiv. (2009) http://www.euractiv.com/en/cap/global-food-prices-cap-reform/article-184329 Accessed 15th February 2010. Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) by European Journalism Centre (EJC). (2009) http://www.eu4journalists.eu/index.php/dossiers/english/C8 Accessed 16th February 2010. Agriculture CAP by Europa (European Commission) (2009) http://europa.eu/pol/agr/index_en.htm accessed 16th February 2010. The Doha Development Round of trade negotiations: understanding the issues by OCDE. (2008). http://www.oecd.org/document/45/0,3343,en_2649_201185_35738477_1_1_1_1,00HYPERLINK http://www.oecd.org/document/45/0,3343,en_2649_201185_35738477_1_1_1_1,00en-USS_01DBC.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.oecd.org/document/45/0,3343,en_2649_201185_35738477_1_1_1_1,00en-USS_01DBC.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.oecd.org/document/45/0,3343,en_2649_201185_35738477_1_1_1_1,00en-USS_01DBC.htmlen-USS_01DBC.html Accessed 17th February 2010. Fortress EuropeOne vision, one market: Europe as a success story? (2008) http://www.groupedebruges.eu/Word docs/manifest_chapter_4_(draft_version_1).doc Accessed 20th February 2010. LECTURE: Lecture 11: Agriculture. SEMINAR: Seminar 11: Agriculture. Agriculture 2009 revised.ppt REPORTS: CAP reform document  : 970 Future CAP.pdf  ; 981 Future CAP.pdf CAP report: Open Europe CAP report.pdf

Fahrenheit 451: Books - A Part Of Our Past :: essays research papers

Fahrenheit 451: Books - A Part of Our Past   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the biggest issues raised in this book was the idea that people are starting to forget more about books and what they mean. People have started to take books for granted, instead of reading books they watch a movie or a program on the television. People do not realize that books, scrolls, manuscripts are a big part of our past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the beginning of time, people have been recording things they saw, did and took part in on birch bark and later very primitive paper. People do not realize that without those scratching on the birch bark that we would have no recollection of the past. Sure there would have been word of mouth, but things would have gotten so turned around that it would not have been our past anymore, it would have been a made up one. In the time of Shakespeare there were no televisions, not even close to that technology yet. Who would we study and learn about, if no one had written things. Man kind would be studying the man who had invented the television because he would have been able to record himself, and then everything after that, which is only about fifty years. But without the recordings of Einstein and all the other famous scientists, television probably would not be invented that early.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In our day and age people are watching too much television. We figure that everything that is in books is on the television. If we need to learn about something we rent a movie about it or watch a show on it. No one reads books anymore just for the fun of it, or so they can read the paranormal, science fiction, horror, classics, fiction or non-fiction novel that surround our world. If we want to see stuff like that we will watch â€Å"The X-Files† or rent a Stephan King movie. Actually when you read books there is much more satisfaction about it. They help you develop your imagination which can be very good in many things. The description in them makes you use your brain to see the picture and the action behind it. The picture that comes into your head is more real than the picture on the television. It never seems like they just threw a dummy out the window, it actually looks real in your head. When you read stuff like â€Å"Moby Dick†, you actually see Captain Ahab and Ishmael and the rest of the crew trying to slay the great Sperm Whale, then you see the

Rhetoric in Into the Wild Essay

Appeals to Logos *Strategy 1: describing McCandless’s intelligence. Ex. 1: In the third chapter of the novel, where Krakauer describes McCandless’s relationship with Wayne Westerberg, he discusses Chris McCandless’s family and education in brief. Specifically, Krakauer mentions, â€Å"In May 1990, Chris graduated from Emory University in Atlanta, †¦ and had distinguished himself as a history and anthropology major with a 3.72 grade-point average† (Krakauer 20). This presents a side of Chris that appeals to people’s logos and makes them think. The main question that pops into mind is, â€Å"how could such a smart kid make such a dumb mistake?† This intrigue keeps the reader immersed in the book, and therefore continues to hold their attention. Ex. 2: Later on in the novel, around the middle of chapter eleven, Krakauer describes McCandless in more depth. He talks about his social life, what he was like as a young boy, and what he was like when he grew. There is another good example of Krakauer using McCandless’s intelligence to appeal to logos, and that is when he quotes one of Chris’s high school running teammates, Eric Hathaway. Hathaway remembers, â€Å"Chris brought home good grades. He didn’t get into trouble, he was a high achiever, he did what he was supposed to do† (Krakauer 114). Again, Krakauer sets up a good image of how smart Chris was. Readers also learn that he was diligent and hardworking, and they can understand how it would tie into Chris’s persistence in the Alaskan wild. *Strategy 2: talks about when McCandless did illogical things, to interest readers. Ex. 1: In the beginning of the novel, when Krakauer talks about McCandless’s journey into the Mojave Desert, he mentions that Chris did something really ridiculous. Krakauer recounts his actions in this way: â€Å"in a gesture that would have done both Tolstoy and Thoreau proud, he arranged all his paper currency†¦ and put a match to it. One hundred twenty-three dollars in legal tender was promptly reduced to ash and smoke† (Krakauer 29). Krakauer describes Chris’s donation of his college fund to charity a couple of pages later in the book. Yet, when one reaches that page, they have to wonder why Chris didn’t just keep his money with him, so he could donate it later, or at least buy some supplies. This leads to more curiosity about McCandless’s common sense, which in turn entices the readers further onward. Ex. 2: Near the end of the book, when Krakauer returns to the subject of McCandless’s journey into the Alaskan wild, he talks about the meager amount of food McCandless carried, and alludes to Chris’s ignorance. He says about McCandless, â€Å"he’d subsisted for more than a month beside the Gulf of California on five pounds of rice and a bounty of fish caught with a cheap rod and reel,†¦ made him confident he could harvest enough food for an extended stay in the Alaskan wilderness too† (Krakauer 162). Any person who reads this automatically questions Chris’s common sense, because they wonder how he could possibly think California is anything like Alaska. Not only that, but the fact that Chris purposely neglected to pack good supplies makes people find him arrogant, and, in young people’s slang, â€Å"a douche-bag.† Appeals to Ethos *Strategy 1: Describing the moral values of Chris McCandless Ex. 1: In the middle of the book, in chapter eleven, Krakauer includes responses from people who knew Chris in college and high school. One of his female running teammates, Kris Maxie Gillmer, recounts how determined McCandless always was about righting social injustices. Proof of this is found in his senior year of high school. Krakauer confirms, â€Å"McCandless took life’s inequities to heart. During his senior year at Woodson, he became obsessed with racial oppression in South Africa† (Krakauer 113). Krakauer may have included only this event and a few others like it throughout the novel, but it leaves no doubt in the reader’s mind that McCandless hated injustice. This â€Å"wows† the reader, making them see just how high Chris’s morals were. One could call it a subtle attempt by Krakauer to eke out sympathy for McCandless from the readers. Ex. 2: In the fourth chapter of the novel, â€Å"Detrital Wash,† Krakauer describes Chris on his two month journey in the Western part of the great United States. He also mentions how McCandless’s parents, worried sick, hired a private detective. The investigator began an extensive search, and finally found information in December, â€Å"when he learned from an inspection of tax records that Chris had given away his college fund to OXFAM† (Krakauer 31). The fact that Chris donated his college fund to charity also casts him in a good, moral light. However, the ironic thing is that OXFAM is an organization dedicated to feeding starving people, and that Chris McCandless died of starvation. Either way, this appeal to ethos also makes people view Chris in a better light, perhaps to make them feel like he was a great person. *Strategy 2: Describing the moral flaws of Chris McCandless Ex. 1: Krakauer says in the author’s note at the beginning of the novel that he will leave it to the readers to form their own opinions about McCandless, so it only seems natural that he would include negative points about the boy’s morals as well. Although he had a rigorous moral code, he made the strangest exceptions. Krakauer says, â€Å"he was also able to forgive, or overlook, the shortcomings of his literary heroes: Jack London was a notorious drunk; Tolstoy†¦ went on to father at least thirteen children, some of whom were conceived at the same time the censorious count was thundering in print against the evils of sex† (Krakauer 122). When readers see this little note, they see how strange Chris’s moral code was. He wouldn’t excuse his father for living a lie, and yet, he praised and adored hypocritical men who did even worse things than his father. This appeals to people’ s ethics because it makes them think about their own morals, not just Chris’s. Ex. 2: Krakauer discusses McCandless’s relationship with his family several times during the book. According to the family and the people who knew McCandless, he was mainly only ever close with his younger sister, Carine. Carine remembers this about her brother, â€Å"He was always really nice to me, and extremely protective. He’d hold my hand when we walked down the street. When he was in junior high and I was still in grade school†¦ he’d hang out at his friend Brian Paskowitz’s house so we could walk home together† (Krakauer 110). This may be just a simple phrase, but it drastically appeals to a reader’s ethic views as well. One cannot help but wonder why Chris, who apparently loved his younger sister and protected her, could possibly leave without saying a word to her. He got angry about his father’s lies, but he somehow doesn’t think what he’s doing is the same. It is as if he trusts other people more than his fa mily and the sister he loves. Appeals to Pathos *Strategy 1: Arousing admiration of McCandless Ex. 1: If one reads the novel Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, it is almost impossible to miss the biased way Krakauer writes about the exploits of Chris McCandless. He makes Chris sound like this really great guy with a thirst for adventure, which draws readers in. an example of this is Krakauer’s comparison between himself and McCandless in the chapter titled, â€Å"The Stikine Ice Cap.† Krakauer writes, â€Å"I couldn’t resist stealing up to the edge of doom and peering over the brink. The hint of what was concealed in those shadows terrified me, but I caught sight of something in the glimpse, some forbidden and elemental riddle that was no less compelling than†¦ In my case—and, I believe, in the case of Chris McCandless—that was a very different thing from wanting to die† (Krakauer 156). This description makes the readers picture a great visionary in the eyes of society, someone who was wi lling to take risks and was unbound by earthly desires. It makes them admire McCandless’s bravery as well, which is, of course, evoking emotion. Ex. 2: Krakauer focuses on many admirable things McCandless does, but one important one, helping the homeless and destitute, really stands out. Krakauer comments, â€Å"McCandless would wander the seedier quarters of Washington, chatting with prostitutes and homeless people, buying them meals, earnestly suggesting ways they might improve their lives† (Krakauer 113). This really tugs at people’s hearts, making them look up to Chris. Many see these examples of kindness and wish they could be more like McCandless. In all effect, this puts Chris at a higher standard with other people. *Strategy 2: Focusing on how depressed everybody was when they learned Chris was dead.Ex. 1: Of course, the main example of this would be when Carine McCandless learns that her beloved brother, Chris, was found dead. According to Krakauer’s information on her reaction, â€Å"Carine’s eyes blurred, and she felt the onset of tunnel vision. Involuntarily, she started shaking her head back and forth, back and forth†¦ Then she began to scream†¦ Carine curled up on the couch in a fetal position, wailing without pause†¦ She remained hysterical for the next five hours† (Krakauer 130). This really makes readers angry at Chris McCandless. They think he was a jerk for leaving his family, and they further fume about how he could have saved everyone so much pain if only he’d been prepared and not so arrogant about being able to survive. Ex. 2: Another extremely depressing example of appealing to pathos is when Krakauer describes the reaction of Ronald Franz, a man who grew extremely close to and fond of Chris when he helped him out in California. Franz was devastated when he heard the news of Chris’s death. He says, â€Å"I asked God to keep his finger on the shoulder of that one†¦ But he let Alex die†¦ I renounced the Lord. I couldn’t believe in a God who would let something that terrible happen†¦ I bought a bottle of whiskey†¦ wasn’t used to drinking, so it made me sick. Hoped it’d kill me, but it didn’t† (Krakauer 60). Again, this makes readers extremely sad. In a way, it actually shocks them too. It takes something very powerful to make a man renounce his faith, and readers can only begin to try and grasp what Franz was feeling.

How to Find the Aries Constellation

How to Find the Aries Constellation The Aries constellation, one of the oldest-known star patterns, is located right next to the constellation Taurus. Discover how to find Aries and its fascinating deep-sky objects during your next sky-gazing session. Finding Aries Aries is most visible in the month of November. To find Aries, look for a crooked line of three bright stars not too far from the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of Aries lie along the zodiac, the path the Sun and planets appear to follow across the sky during the year. The stars of Aries, plus a galaxy challenge. Carolyn Collins Petersen   History of Aries The name Aries is the Latin word for ram. In the constellation Aries, two stars make up the points of a rams horn. However, this constellation has had a wide range of different interpretations throughout history. The sky pattern was associated with a farmhand in ancient Babylon, a porpoise in the South Pacific, a pair of bureaucrats there in ancient China, and the god Amon-Ra in ancient Egypt. Aries and Meteor Showers Avid skywatchers know Aries from the meteor showers that bear its name and appear to radiate from the constellation at different times throughout the year, including: Delta Arietids (between December 8 and January 2)Autumn Arietids (between September 7 and October 27)Epsilon Arietids (between October 12 and 23)Daytime Arietids (between May 22 and July 2) All of these outbursts of meteors are associated with the material left behind by comets as they make their way around the Sun. Earths orbit intersects the comets paths, and as a result they appear to flow from the constellation Aries.   The official IAU constellation chart for Aries. IAU/Sky Publishing   The Stars of Aries The three brightest stars of Aries constellation are officially called alpha, beta, and gamma Arietis. Their nicknames are Hamal, Sharatan, and Mesarthim, respectively. Hamal is an orange giant star and lies about 66 light-years from Earth. Its about 91 times brighter than our Sun and is around 3.5 billion years old.   Sharatan is a fairly young star, slightly  more massive than the Sun and about a third brighter than our star. It lies nearly 60 light-years away from us. It also has a companion star that is much dimmer and orbits at a distance that still hasnt been determined.   Mesarthim is also a binary star and lies about 165 light-years away from the Sun. There other, fainter stars in Aries, too. For example, 53 Arietis is a runaway star that was violently ejected from the Orion Nebula (at the heart of the constellation Orion) in its youth. Astronomers suspect that a nearby supernova explosion sent this star on its way across space. Aries also has a few stars that are orbited by extrasolar planets.   Deep-sky Objects in Aries Aries contains several deep-sky objects that can be discovered through binoculars or a small telescope. The spiral galaxy NGC 772 in Aries. Adam Block/Mount Lemmon Skycenter/University of Arizona. CC-BY-SA 3.0   Perhaps the most interesting is the spiral galaxy NGC 772, which lies south of Mesarthim, and its companion galaxy, NGC 770. Astronomers refer to NGC 772 as a peculiar galaxy because it appears to have some structures not always seen in regular spiral galaxies. Its a star-forming galaxy and lies about 130 million light-years away.  Its very likely that its interesting shape (with one very bright blue arm prominently displayed) is due to an interaction with its companion. A few other very distant and dim galaxies are scattered throughout Aries, including NGC 821 and Segue 2, which is actually a companion galaxy to the Milky Way.

Definition and Examples of Logos in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Logos in Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, logos is the means of persuasion by demonstration of logical proof, real or apparent. Plural: logoi. Also called  rhetorical  argument, logical proof, and  rational appeal. Logos is one of the three kinds of artistic proof in Aristotles rhetorical theory. Logos has many meanings, notes George A. Kennedy. [I]t is anything that is said, but that can be a word, a sentence, part of a speech or of a written work, or a whole speech. It connotes the content rather than the style (which would be lexis) and often implies logical reasoning. Thus it can also mean argument and reason . . .. Unlike rhetoric, with its sometimes negative connotations, logos  [in the classical era] was consistently regarded as a positive factor in human life (A New History of Classical Rhetoric, 1994).   Etymology From the Greek, speech, word, reason Examples and Observations Aristotles third element of proof [after ethos and pathos] was logos or logical proof. . . . Like Plato, his teacher, Aristotle would have preferred that speakers use correct reasoning, but Aristotles approach to life was more pragmatic than Platos, and he wisely observed that skilled speakers could persuade by appealing to proofs that seemed true.Logos and the SophistsVirtually every person considered a Sophist by posterity was concerned with instruction in logos. According to most accounts, the teaching of the skills of public argument was the key to the Sophists financial success, and a good part of their condemnation by Plato...Logos in Platos PhaedrusRetrieving a more sympathetic Plato includes retrieving two essential Platonic notions. One is the very broad notion of logos that is at work in Plato and the sophists, according to which logos means speech, statement, reason, language, explanation, argument, and even the intelligibility of the world itself. Another is the notion, f ound in Platos Phaedrus, that logos has its own special power, psychagogia, leading the soul, and that rhetoric is an attempt to be an art or discipline of this power. Logos in Aristotles Rhetoric-  Aristotles great innovation in the Rhetoric is the discovery that argument is the center of the art of persuasion. If there are three sources of proof, logos, ethos, and pathos, then logos is found in two radically different guises in the Rhetoric. In I.4-14, logos is found in enthymemes, the body of proof; form and function are inseparable; In II.18-26 reasoning has force of its own. I.4-14 is hard for modern readers because it treats persuasion as logical, rather than emotional or ethical, but it is not in any easily recognizable sense formal.Logos vs. MythosThe logos of sixth- and fifth-century [BC] thinkers is best understood as a rationalistic rival to traditional mythosthe religious worldview preserved in epic poetry. . . . The poetry of the time performed the functions now assigned to a variety of educational practices: religious instruction, moral training, history texts, and reference manuals (Havelock 1983, 80). . . . Because the vast majori ty of the population did not read regularly, poetry was preserved communication that served as Greek cultures preserved memory. Proof QuestionsLogical proofs  (SICDADS) are convincing because they are real and drawn from experience. Answer all of the proof questions that apply to your issue.Signs: What signs show that this might be true?Induction: What  examples  can I use? What conclusion can I draw from the examples? Can my readers make the inductive leap from the examples to an acceptance of the conclusion?Cause: What is the main cause of the controversy? What are the effects?Deduction: What conclusions will I draw? What general principles, warrants, and examples are they based on?Analogies: What  comparisons  can I make? Can I show that what happened in the past might happen again or that what happened in one case might happen in another?Definition: What do I need to define?Statistics: What statistics can I use? How should I present them   Pronunciation LO-gos Sources Halford Ryan,  Classical Communication for the Contemporary Communicator. Mayfield, 1992Edward Schiappa,  Protagoras, and Logos: A Study in Greek Philosophy and Rhetoric, 2nd ed. University of South Carolina Press, 2003James Crosswhite,  Deep Rhetoric: Philosophy, Reason, Violence, Justice, Wisdom. The University of Chicago Press, 2013Eugene Garver,  Aristotles Rhetoric: An Art of Character. The University of Chicago Press, 1994Edward Schiappa,  The Beginnings of Rhetorical Theory in Classical Greece. Yale University Press, 1999N. Wood,  Perspectives on Argument. Pearson, 2004

European Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

European Law - Essay Example The European Union law is a set of treaties, law and court judgments. These operate alongside the legal systems of the member states of the European Union. It has a direct effect among within the member states of the European Union. When conflicts occur this law takes precedence over national laws. The primary source of the European law is the European Union treaties. These treaties are set on broad policy goals and establish institutions that can enact various types of legislations in order to achieve these goals. There are two types of legislative acts of the European Union, they are regulations and directives. Regulations become law when they come into force in member countries. They do not require any implementing measures and automatically overrides conflicting domestic provisions. The directives of the European Union require member states to achieve a certain result. Meanwhile it is left to the member countries how they are to be implemented. All the European Union legislations derive from the decisions that are taken at the European Union level. But the implementation largely occurs on the national level. Therefore the principle of uniformity is one of the central themes in the decisions made by the European court of justice. This court aims to ensure that the application and interpretation of the European Union laws does not differ between the member states (Application of EU law. 2010). The general principle of the law is found in almost every legal systems of Europe. Moreover the European court of justice has induced them into the legal orders to supplement all the written sources of the law and the treaties that are used as an aid for interpretation. The main principles of this law are protection of fundamental rights of citizens, principle of equality and discrimination, right of defense, principle of legal certainty, principle of

Surveillant assemblages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Surveillant assemblages - Essay Example Nowadays in the streets of London, the general public is not too much worried about the effects of CCTV monitoring. Erosion of privacy for the average citizen is not a reality. But for those who widely look towards the social benefits of surveillance, the notion that people are becoming inured to the gaze of the camera in a worrisome matter. Another interesting development in this area is that the authorities have started to equip cameras with loud speakers. This allows human monitors to caution people caught littering or brawling on the street. These types of cameras cannot be ignored like the ordinary cameras but there are critics who say that theses cameras cross the line from prevention of crime into public bullying. According to experts the next generation cameras that are used for surveillance in the streets of London will be equipped wit computer software that can judge suspicious behavior that can lead towards a crime.The London police have started to use this technology very effectively. This same technology is also pursued by the London traffic authorities to track and charge vehicles that enter the congestion zone The city of London has spent nearly 200 million pounds for the installation of CCTV,s in each and every part of the city. The proportion of crimes committed in the city is going up and not down. Cases of solving crimes are vastly going down. Ironically some places where there are more cameras installed have a record of worse crime solving rates. There are now more than 10000 cameras.

New testament paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

New testament paper - Essay Example It will be shown that in Luke, Satan is given more dialogue and arguably, more emphasis with regard to a number of elements. Conversely, in Matthew, Jesus is provided with more dialogue, more personality, and thus, greater emphasis as a figure. By no means can it therefore said that Satan is more important, both are uniformly championing the realm of spirit against the realm of matter or material. Rather, the difference in emphasis will be examined in regard to the respective impact for the very significance of this duality or contrast. The difference of emphasis between Satan and Jesus, can be discerned at a number of junctures with regard to dialogue. Literally, one can quantify the amount of words provided by each and discern a measurable difference that represents a further distinction in emphasis. For instance, in line 4 both books articulate the idea that â€Å"Man shall not live on bread alone†, but Mathew adds: â€Å"but on every word that comes from the mouth of godà ¢â‚¬ (Mathew 4:4 and Luke 4). Further, in the line that follows the temptation presented to Jesus from Satan from the mountain top – that is, where he takes him to the top of the mountain and offers him everything in the earthly realm, Jesus is also given more dialogue. ... He is issuing a forceful command. Similarly, Jesus is actually â€Å"fasting† (Mathew 4:1) in Mathew whereas in Luke he merely â€Å"ate nothing† (Luke 4:1). There are religious overtones to fasting, whereas not eating does not carry the same weight. Jesus piety, reverence and humility finds greater emphasis with the idea of fasting especially when we consider what he says about it later: â€Å"When you fast, do not look somber as the hypocrites do, for they disfigure their faces to show others they are fasting† (Mathew 6:16). Fasting carries with it, connotations like sincere humility, and this emphasized in Mathew over and against Luke. As mentioned, the converse is true in Luke. That is, Satan is given more dialogue and more emphasis in a number of significant passages. Most notably, Satan's personality is more prominent in the line about taking Jesus to the mountain top. Consider the difference of emphasis in Luke: â€Å"I will give you all their authority a nd splendor; it has been given to me, and I can give it to anyone I want to. 7 If you worship me, it will all be yours.† (Luke 4:6-7). Not only is this a more flourished emphasis, the usage of personal pronouns is quite astounding for such a small passage or phrase. The usage of 'I' occurs three times, and the usage of 'me' occurs twice. This is quantitatively different than the emphasis in Mathew, but also qualitatively succinct too with regard to the impact. By emphasizing the individuality of the figure, Satan is isolated and made a more succinct figure. The duality between the kingdom of god and that of Satan becomes glaringly contrasted as a result. By contrast, in Mathew he merely asks Jesus to bow down and worship him. In Luke, his power is emphasized become of the articulation

Romeos character Essay Example for Free

Romeos character Essay The repetition of words and phrases is another effective device used by Shakespeare to communicate Romeos mood at different points in the play. The constant repetition of the word love tightens the tension of the plot as the two families are enemies and gives an extra insight into Romeos character. This shows that Romeo is adamant and once he has made is mind up, then it cannot be changed. In addition, Romeo communicates in an affectionate manner towards the start, but as tension builds up and everything seems to get serious, words like night and murder are used. These words build up tension and show to the audience that something bad is about to happen. Later in Act 3, Scene 3, this takes place at the Friar Lawrences cell. Romeo gets the bad news from Friar Lawrence about his banishment. Friar Lawrence opens his speech with Romeo, come forth, come forth, thou fear ful man, this shows that Romeo is frightened and knows that he didnt mean to kill Tybalt. As Romeo enters the scene he is shocked and scared, as he opens his speech he uses the word sorrow, which shows what else does he have to see. Friar Lawrence uses the quote, Not bodys death, but bodys banishment. This shows the audience that if Romeo dies his soul will still live on. Romeo has just realised that he has done something, which he will regret as he says, Be merciful say deathmuch more than death. Romeo is angry at hearing about is destiny. Friar Lawrence then moves on as Romeos anger rises as Friar says, Be patient, for the world is broad and wide. This sows that he world is a large place able to live somewhere else. Romeos anger is still rising as he thinks about Juliet, There is no world without Verona walls; this is where Juliet hides in the streets of Verona. Romeo continues on madly and angrily and soon Friar Lawrence gets frustrated and says, O deadly sin! O rude unthankfulness, here Friar is trying to calm Romeo down and him to have respect for Friar, as Romeo is just babbling on. However, Romeo still talks about the heaven which is Juliet as he thinks what life would be without Juliet in his life. Here the audience will have a shock in that Romeo will lose Juliet and also that he will be banished. Romeos mood here is high tempered as he is already suffering the effects of banishment. Romeo refuses to be comforted as he is going through to much pain and anger. However, Shakespeare uses the nurse as a dramatic device and dramatically Romeos mood changes Nurse! Romeo feels comforted as the nurse tells Romeo how Juliet is feeling O she says nothing, sir, but weeps and weeps.and then Romeo cries, and then down falls again. Romeo feels the pain that Juliet is going through and tries to stab himself, Tell me, that I may sack the hateful mansion (destroy my body). However, the nurse snatches the dagger away, as he feels guilty of killing Tybalt and doesnt want Juliet to hate him and not to see him as a murderer. Shot from the deadly level of gun, did murder her, as that names cursed hand murdered her kinsman. However, the audience feel the same way as Romeo does; angry and feeling sympathetic of what Romeo has done to be hatred by Juliet. Romeos mood is comforted when the nurse give Romeo the ring from Juliet, Here, sir, a ring she bid me give you, sir. Romeo replys How well my comfort is revived by this. This shows that his mood is changing time to time and now he is being relaxed instead of highly tempered as he was in the beginning of the scene. Friar Lawrence rebukes Romeo for his lack of manliness, love and intelligence. He reminds Romeo of his good fortune and plans how he can eventually be recalled from exile. Friar Lawrence delivers his long speech, first rebuking Romeo, then seeking to cheer him, then setting out a plan of action this keeps the audience interested in the scene. Romeo is trying to seek hope as he is anxious of meeting Juliet and afraid of losing her. Friar Lawrence sends Romeo to Juliet, warning him to leave early for the Mantua and await news. Sojourn (stay, wait) in Mantua: Ill find out your man, and he shall signify from time to time every good hap to you that chances here. Romeo is calm as Friar settles him down with his plan and he ends the scene with some hope for the future. William Shakespeares romantic tragedy Romeo and Juliet is a play full of dramatic devices, body language, facial expressions and especially Romeos mood changes. Romeo in the play uses facial expressions, voice tone and body language to express his feelings and use the correct tone of voice to emphasise the anger and pain that he is going through. Shakespeare shows Romeos change of mood and situation trough his choice of language, such as, when Romeo is feeling passionate he uses the word bright, sun and kill the envious moon to express his feelings towards Juliet as well as the audience/reader. However, when Romeo is in a critical state he uses words such as, murder, banishment and death to express his feelings as this indicates that the situation in the story has become serious, which creates tension towards the audience and builds up the atmosphere.

The History of Guns in America Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Pa

The History of Guns in America What is the importance of the gun? The gun is one of the most important tools in the defense of our nation. Guns are responsible for a lot of death and injuries, but these things were going on before the existence of the gun. Guns aren't the reason for the death and injuries, they are just a means to it. They are tools and an engineering marvel of our age. The gun has evolved from a simple weapon that caused limited destruction to the modern gun that is so fast and powerful it is capable of mass destruction. Through the evolution of the gun, it has become a political tool. The first guns used in America were a simple machine where the person did most of the work. The user measured and put the powder down the barrel of the gun. Next some shotgun pellets were put in the same way. This was then all compacted and the gun was ready to fire. This reloading took over a minute before each shot could be fired and the guns weren't very accurate by today's standards. If too much powder was used then the gun could explode or if the powder were wet then the gun wouldn't fire. One of inventions during the Revolutionary War was a way to reload faster. The powder was already pre-measured and kept in little sacks. This made reloading faster because the user no longer had to measure the powder between each reloading. These guns were crude but in that day was a powerful modern invention that was considered very useful. The American Revolution was a political war to obtain what the people of that era wanted. By today's standards the destruction of gun was minimal so war w as used to obtain political objectives. The next real step in the evolution of the gun came during the Civil War. Rifles were invented that ... ... capable of killing in small numbers. Now, however, they are able to destroy whole buildings. Politicians can and do use the power of the gun to force others to do what they want. Guns have become such an effective killing machine that they can kill anyone anywhere at anytime and, to fulfill any political cause. Â   Works Cited * Hogg, Ian. The Story of the Gun. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. * Lavarone, Mike. "Armory." http://www.worldwar1.com/arm005.htm. July 1997. * "New Guns and Gear for '98." American Rifleman. May 1998: 38-41 an 62-63. * Professional Web Designs. "Guns." http://www.usscod.org/gun.html. December 1997. * "Tank Weapons Gunnery Simulation System/Precision Gunnery System." http://www.stricom.army.mil/PRODUCTS/TWGSS-PGS. April 1998. * "WWII Battleship Gun Data." http://www.uss-salem.org/navhist/battleships/guns.html. April 1998.

Parental Pressure

By: Kristin Brenner Parental Pressure = Late nights, Health risks, Confusion Why this may be occurring and strategies for elimination†¦ Some Parents Expectations: ? Adolescents should spend all or most of their time studying, instead of being able to socialize with their friends ? Adolescents should start producing good grades even at an early age of nine (Murphy, 2005) ? Adolescents should begin building Harvard-quality resumes Risks ? Mental Risks: ? Suicide The constant pressure to succeed leads to the contemplation of committing suicide o A study from Penn State University shows that out of 421 students, (227 females and 194 males) 19. 4%, contemplated committing suicide due to the enormous pressure from their parents to produce exceptional grades o Females are four times more likely to attempt suicide or a form of self-harm (Nutrition Heath Review, 1999). However, males are more likely to follow through with the act ? Identity & Self-esteem o When parents exert too much pre ssure the adolescent has limited time to explore possible furture options.Exploration is necessary to develop a healthy identity o If adolescents select their college major or future career based on parental pressure, the adolescent can develop a foreclosed identity. Foreclosure can lead to dissatisfaction during adulthood o Parental pressure can lead to lowered self-esteem, a lowered sense of assertiveness and less competence in school skills (Adams, 2001) ? Physical Risks: ? Sleep Deprivation o Parental pressure leads to physical exhaustion due to late night studying to produce good grades (Hung, 1999) ? Cheating o Parents apply a significant amount of pressure for good grades, ot knowledge, which can lead to cheating o In a survey done by Donald McCabe of over 2,100 students on over 21 campuses, one-third of adolescents attempted serious cheating on tests with half of the adolescents cheating on written assignments o Causes: Forced course load and a mentality of the need to succe ed that is instilled by some parents o Why: It is easier to cheat than continuously bear the pressure of handling the course load Where Parental Pressure Stems From: ? Parents anxiety, competitiveness, and cultural pressures (Murphy, 2005) ?Households where control is a central focus (Adams, 2001) ? Parental pressure increases as an adolescent gets older (Adams, 2001) Who Parental Pressure Affects: ? American children, parents are giving more directed academic guidance, support, and have higher educational aspirations and expectations for their children (Vernal, Campbell, & Beasley) ? Parents of higher socioeconomic status are more likely to expect their children to attain a higher education and higher level jobs than parents of lower socioeconomic status (Social System Influences) ?Affects children as early as age nine, with a greater number of parental pressure placed on males than females, but females are more likely to respond to the pressure (Vernal, Campbell, & Beasley) Strate gies For Adolescents To Eliminate Parental Pressure: (Price) ? Get conversation started by asking parents how their day was ? Make eye contact to show respect and make a serious impression ? Stay calm and do not overreact or interrupt, but stay open and objective ? Do not appear defensive ? Let your parents know that you feel that you can start to make some of your own decisions about your future endeavors ?Say â€Å"Thank you† no matter how the conversation ends. You need to remember that you and your parent are unique individuals and you may not always see eye to eye, so it may take numerous conversations for your point to be heard Adams, G. (2001, March 28). Pushing kids to excel often backfires, study fines. University Guelph on the web. Retrieved from http://www. uoguelph. ca/mediarel/archives/001135. html Hung, J. (1999). Surviving a year of sleepless nights. Newsweek, 134(12), 1. Moseman, J. (1999). My parents expect too much. Campus life, 58(3), 22-29. Price, S. , (n. d). How to talk to parents.Retrieved February 25, 2005, from http://www. channelone. com/news/exchange/news/2004/02/26/se_parental/ Social Systems Influences. Retrieved March 23, 2006, from http://faculty. tamucommerce. edu/crrobinson/512/socsys. htm Verna, M. A. , Campbell, J. R. , Beasley, M. (1997). Family processes, SES, and family structure differentially affect academic self-concepts and achievement of gifted high school students. American Educational Research Association Convention. (2003). Parental Pressures and Suicidal Thoughts. Nutrition Health Review: The Consumer's Medical Journa,l (85), 18.

Creative Writing Essay

He didn’t look anything like I’d expected. That was when I realised something was wrong. Bad thoughts were rushing through my head at a million miles an hour. I could hear and see nothing for miles except for his dark outline. Confusion and worry was all I could think and I could feel myself shaking. The footsteps were getting louder so I slowly backed away, trying not to make it obvious. Why had I agreed to this, it had been spur of the moment when I’d been upset over that stupid boy from math class. I should have known better than to be so stupid. Then he realised what was happening ‘Sweetie it’s fine. Don’t move I’ll look after you.’ his voice was deep but somehow reassuring. For a second it calmed me down. He sounded so nice, had I jumped to conclusions? Maybe he was just worried about the age gap. I started to walk towards him and he got a beer out of his bag. ‘Have some of this darling.’ He offered it to me but that was one thing I knew to reject. I wasn’t going to be even stupider and drink alcohol in this situation. He turned towards the car and signaled for me to follow. Slowly I trailed behind with my feet scuffling along the floor as I considered my options. I was scared but I didn’t want to believe he would be horrible after how well we had got on before we had met. So I followed him along the path towards what I supposed was his car at the end of the street. I felt in my pocket, my phone was there safely, it would all be fine. I can look after myself I remember thinking. If only I had known. When I reached the car we both got in, with not a word uttered from either of us. He started the car and I plucked up the courage to ask where we were going. ‘Wouldn’t you like to know’ he laughed. He revved the car and off we went through the streets. My heart started to beat faster and faster, it was out of control. I started to shake. My conscience kicked in. Stop Amber, Take control. ‘Please I don’t think this is a good idea, I want to go home’ I stuttered quietly. He laughed in my face. ‘Please, Please.’ I shouted louder but he wasn’t listening. We carried on driving. I noticed where we were driving to; it was towards the abandoned warehouse on the edge of town. I was angry with myself especially for agreeing to meet in the middle of no where, that should have been the first sign of something not being right. Who would have wanted to meet there unless they weren’t who they said they were. What shall I do? How do I get out of here? So many thoughts were swirling round my head. Then the car stopped. He started to get closer, his hand was moving down my thigh and his face was getting closer and closer to mine. I tried to move away but I could feel his warm breath on my face. He had his hand clenched tightly onto my arm so I couldn’t move. I kicked and he grabbed me even harder. I could feel his sweaty hand moving up my skirt and under my tights. I couldn’t talk, I was frozen with fear. Then I don’t know what came over me but suddenly I wasn’t scared anymore. I spat as hard as I could in his face. His shock made him pull back, this was my chance to get out. I hit him as hard as my arms would let me, moved back and then kicked him in the face. I saw his hand move towards the lock button on the car. As quick as I could I pushed the door open and fell to the street floor. Grabbing my bag I got up and ran as fast as my legs could go. I could hear shouting and screaming from behind but I daren’t look back. He was running after me, I could hear his feet pounding against the street floor. I felt a hand grab my shoulder and push me against the floor. ‘I think she’s waking up’ I heard people whispering around me. Slowly I opened my eyes and above me I could see what seemed to be a doctor and a man dressed in a suit. ‘Amber, are you okay? Do you remember what happened the other day?’ The other day? Last thing I remember was lying on the street floor looking into those dark brown eyes. Then I looked to the side and I could faintly make out the body of a man asleep on a bed next to me. As they saw me look over they started to draw the curtain around him but not before I saw them. Handcuffs locking him to the bed. It was him.